Medicine & Surgery: An Integrated Textbook [TRUE PDF]

Dedication......Page 2
Dedication......Page 3
Copyright
......Page 5
Preface......Page 6
Acknowledgements......Page 7
How to use this book......Page 8
Specialist Advisors......Page 10
Contributors......Page 11
1.1 Introduction......Page 13
1.2 Investigations for cardiac disease......Page 17
1.3 Diagnostic procedures
......Page 22
1.4 Therapeutic procedures......Page 23
1.5 Manifestations of heart disease......Page 24
1.6 Ischaemic heart disease......Page 31
1.7 Heart valve disease......Page 45
1.8 Cardiac tumours......Page 59
1.9 Congenital heart disease
......Page 60
1.10 Diseases of the myocardium......Page 63
1.11 Diseases of the pericardium......Page 67
1.12 Arrhythmia......Page 70
1.14 Systemic hypertension......Page 80
1.15 Heart transplantation......Page 83
1.16 Introduction......Page 85
1.17 Investigations for peripheral
vascular disease......Page 88
1.18 Peripheral arterial disease......Page 90
1.19 Carotid artery disease......Page 95
1.20 Visceral ischaemia......Page 99
1.21 Abdominal aortic aneurysm......Page 100
1.22 Peripheral venous insufficiency......Page 103
2.1 Introduction......Page 110
2.2 Investigations for respiratory disease......Page 113
2.3 Diagnostic procedures......Page 118
2.4 Therapeutic procedures......Page 120
2.5 Manifestations of respiratory disease......Page 122
2.6 Diseases of the upper respiratory tract......Page 126
2.7 Pulmonary infections......Page 130
2.8 Diseases of the airways......Page 137
2.9 Diffuse parenchymal lung disease......Page 151
2.10 Neoplastic disease......Page 160
2.11 Occupational lung disease......Page 166
2.12 Pulmonary vascular disease......Page 169
2.13 Lung transplantation......Page 174
2.14 Diseases of the pleura......Page 175
2.15 Diseases of the mediastinum......Page 183
3.1 Introduction......Page 186
3.2 Investigations for ear disease......Page 191
3.3 Manifestations of ear disease......Page 193
3.4 Diseases of the ear......Page 197
3.5 Hearing aids......Page 206
3.6 Introduction......Page 208
3.7 Investigations for nose disease......Page 211
3.8 Manifestations of nose disease......Page 212
3.9 Diseases of the nose......Page 214
3.10 Introduction......Page 221
3.11 Investigations for throat disease......Page 226
3.12 Diseases of the throat......Page 227
3.13 Head and neck cancers......Page 235
4.1 Introduction......Page 239
4.2 Investigations for gastrointestinal disease......Page 243
4.3 Diagnostic procedures......Page 244
4.4 Therapeutic procedures......Page 246
4.5 Manifestations of gastrointestinal disease......Page 247
4.6 Diseases of the oesophagus......Page 262
4.7 Diseases of the stomach and duodenum......Page 270
4.8 Diseases of the small intestine and appendix......Page 277
4.9 Inflammatory bowel disease......Page 282
4.10 Diseases of the colon and rectum......Page 289
4.11 Diseases of the abdominal wall and herniae......Page 303
5.1 Introduction......Page 308
5.2 Investigations for hepatobiliary
disease......Page 311
5.3 Diagnostic procedures......Page 314
5.4 Therapeutic procedures......Page 318
5.5 Manifestations of liver disease......Page 319
5.7 Alcoholic liver disease......Page 329
5.8 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease......Page 332
5.9 Viral hepatitis......Page 333
5.10 Autoimmune hepatitis......Page 337
5.11 Haemochromatosis......Page 339
5.12 Wilson’s disease......Page 341
5.13 Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency......Page 342
5.14 Liver cysts......Page 344
5.15 Liver abscesses......Page 345
5.16 Liver tumours......Page 347
5.17 Hepatic vascular disease......Page 353
5.18 Liver transplantation......Page 356
5.19 Introduction......Page 358
5.20 Investigations of the biliary system......Page 360
5.21 Gallstones and associated conditions......Page 362
5.22 Biliary cirrhosis......Page 374
5.23 Primary sclerosing cholangitis......Page 377
5.24 Tumours of the biliary system......Page 379
5.25 Introduction......Page 382
5.26 Investigations for pancreatic disease......Page 385
5.27 Pancreatitis......Page 388
5.28 Pancreatic tumours......Page 396
6.1 Introduction......Page 402
6.2 Investigations for endocrine disease......Page 406
6.3 Hypothalamic and pituitary disease......Page 407
6.4 The growth axis......Page 415
6.5 The thyroid gland......Page 419
6.6 The parathyroid glands......Page 427
6.7 The glucocorticoid axis......Page 429
6.8 The adrenal glands and kidney......Page 436
6.9 Multiple endocrine disorders......Page 441
6.10 Disorders of sex and reproduction......Page 443
7.1 Introduction......Page 447
7.2 Diabetes mellitus......Page 448
7.3 Acute complications of diabetes......Page 454
7.4 Chronic complications of diabetes......Page 458
7.5 Diabetes and surgery......Page 466
7.6 Disorders of lipid metabolism......Page 467
7.7 Inborn errors of carbohydrate metabolism......Page 471
7.8 Inborn errors of amino acid metabolism......Page 472
7.9 Lysosomal storage diseases......Page 474
7.10 Amyloidosis......Page 475
7.11 Porphyria......Page 477
8.1 Introduction......Page 480
8.2 Investigations of the locomotor system......Page 485
Osteoarthritis......Page 486
Rheumatoid disease (arthritis)......Page 489
Seronegative spondyloarthropathies......Page 495
Systemic lupus erythematosus......Page 499
Systemic sclerosis......Page 502
Polymyositis and dermatomyositis......Page 506
Sjögren’s syndrome......Page 507
Small vessel vasculitis......Page 508
Medium vessel vasculitis......Page 510
Buerger’s disease......Page 512
Gout......Page 513
Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease and other crystal diseases......Page 516
Arthritis and infection......Page 517
Osteoporosis......Page 519
Osteomalacia......Page 522
Paget’s disease of bone......Page 523
Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis......Page 524
Complex regional pain syndrome......Page 526
Hypermobility......Page 527
The shoulder......Page 528
The elbow......Page 532
The wrist......Page 536
The hand......Page 541
The cervical spine......Page 547
The thoraco-lumbar spine......Page 551
The hip......Page 556
The knee......Page 563
The ankle and foot......Page 570
9.1 Introduction......Page 578
9.2 Investigations for nervous system disease......Page 591
9.3 Diagnostic procedures......Page 592
9.4 Manifestations of nervous system disease......Page 594
9.5 Disorders of consciousness......Page 597
9.6 Cerebrovascular disease......Page 603
9.7 Epilepsy......Page 612
9.8 Movement disorders......Page 615
9.9 Multiple sclerosis......Page 620
9.10 Infections of the central nervous system......Page 622
9.11 Intracranial tumours......Page 627
9.12 Hydrocephalus......Page 629
9.13 Diseases of the spinal cord......Page 630
9.14 Diseases of the peripheral nerves......Page 631
9.15 Diseases of muscle and the motor end plate......Page 635
9.16 Neurodegenerative diseases......Page 640
10.1 Introduction......Page 642
10.2 Investigations for eye disease......Page 647
10.3 Manifestations of eye disease......Page 649
10.4 Diseases of the eyelids......Page 650
10.5 Disorders of the lacrimal system......Page 653
10.6 Diseases of the conjunctiva......Page 654
10.7 Diseases of the sclera......Page 656
10.8 Diseases of the cornea......Page 657
10.9 Diseases of the uvea......Page 661
10.10 Diseases of the lens......Page 664
10.11 Diseases of the retina......Page 666
10.12 Diseases of the macula......Page 672
10.13 Diseases of the orbit......Page 673
10.14 Glaucoma......Page 676
10.15 Ocular trauma......Page 679
10.16 Neuro-ophthalmology......Page 680
10.17 Refractive error......Page 684
10.18 Squints......Page 686
11.1 Introduction......Page 688
11.2 Investigations for renal and urinary tract disease......Page 694
11.3 Diagnostic procedures......Page 699
11.4 Therapeutic procedures......Page 702
11.5 Manifestations of renal and urinary tract disease......Page 703
11.6 Congenital and genetic abnormalities of the kidney......Page 712
11.7 Glomerular diseases......Page 716
11.8 Acute tubular necrosis......Page 722
11.9 Acute interstitial nephritis......Page 723
11.10 Tubular disorders......Page 724
11.12 The kidney and systemic disease......Page 726
11.13 Renal and urothelial tumours......Page 735
11.14 Renovascular disease......Page 740
11.15 Renal replacement therapy......Page 742
11.16 Renal transplantation......Page 745
11.17 Urinary tract infection......Page 746
11.18 Urinary calculi......Page 748
11.19 Diseases of the bladder......Page 753
11.20 Diseases of the prostate......Page 761
11.21 Disorders of the penis......Page 768
11.22 Benign scrotal disorders......Page 772
11.23 Testicular and scrotal tumours......Page 776
12.1 Introduction......Page 779
12.2 Investigation of haematological diseases......Page 783
12.4 Anaemias......Page 785
Microcytic anaemias......Page 786
Macrocytic anaemias......Page 789
Haemolytic anaemias......Page 792
Haemoglobinopathies......Page 798
Hypoplastic anaemia......Page 802
12.5 Disorders of white cell count......Page 803
12.6 Tumours of the haemopoietic and lymphoid tissues......Page 804
Leukaemia......Page 805
Chronic myeloid neoplasms......Page 812
The lymphomas......Page 818
12.7 Platelet disorders......Page 824
12.8 Disorders of coagulation and thrombosis......Page 830
12.9 Transfusion medicine......Page 837
13.1 Introduction......Page 841
13.3 Benign breast conditions......Page 844
13.4 Breast cancer......Page 846
13.5 Breast cancer screening......Page 852
14.1 Introduction......Page 853
14.2 Investigations for skin disease......Page 859
14.3 Papulosquamous and eczematous
dermatoses......Page 861
14.4 Urticaria and other inflammatory dermatoses......Page 875
14.5 Disorders of sebaceous and apocrine glands......Page 884
14.6 Vesicular and bullous diseases......Page 888
14.7 Scleroderma, morphoea and lichen sclerosus......Page 894
14.8 Skin infections and infestations......Page 896
14.9 Skin tumours......Page 909
14.10 Disorders of pigmentation......Page 921
14.11 Sunlight and the skin......Page 925
14.12 Diseases of collagen and elastic tissue......Page 927
14.13 Disorders of hair and nails......Page 930
14.14 Systemic disease and the skin......Page 934
15.1 Introduction......Page 941
15.2 Investigations for infectious disease......Page 943
15.3 Manifestations of infectious disease......Page 945
15.4 Gram-positive bacteria......Page 949
15.5 Anaerobes......Page 954
15.6 Gram-negative bacteria......Page 956
15.7 Mycobacteria......Page 962
15.8 Spirochaetes......Page 963
15.9 Adenoviruses......Page 966
15.10 Herpesviruses......Page 967
15.11 Orthomyxoviruses......Page 969
15.12 Paramyxoviruses......Page 970
15.13 Togaviruses......Page 971
15.14 Picornaviridae......Page 972
15.15 Rhabdoviruses......Page 974
15.16 Retroviruses......Page 975
Fungal infection......Page 977
15.17 Protozoa......Page 980
15.18 Nematodes......Page 984
15.19 Trematodes......Page 986
15.20 Cestodes......Page 987
A
......Page 989
B
......Page 995
C......Page 998
D......Page 1005
E......Page 1007
F......Page 1010
G
......Page 1012
H......Page 1014
I......Page 1017
K......Page 1019
L......Page 1020
M......Page 1023
N......Page 1026
O......Page 1027
P......Page 1029
R......Page 1034
S
......Page 1036
T......Page 1040
U
......Page 1043
V
......Page 1045
X
......Page 1047
Z
......Page 1048